Employees working in Dubai often wonder what rights they have when it comes to workplace practices, compensation, termination, and general treatment by their employer. The UAE Labour Law provides a strong framework designed to protect workers while maintaining a fair balance with employer interests. Understanding these rights is essential for anyone working in the private sector—whether they are new residents, long-term expatriates, or professionals navigating a career change.

Dubai’s diverse workforce includes millions of expatriates from different backgrounds, and many arrive with varying expectations about employment standards. UAE labour regulations help ensure fairness and consistency across all industries. This detailed FAQ explains the key rights provided to employees under current legislation, how they work in real situations, and what individuals should be aware of to avoid misunderstandings.

1. The Right to a Written Employment Contract

Every employee must receive a written employment contract that clearly outlines the terms and conditions of their job. This includes:

• Job title and responsibilities
• Salary and allowances
• Working hours
• Leave entitlements
• Duration of contract
• Termination conditions

Employees also have the right to receive a digital copy of their contract, which must be registered with the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation (MOHRE). A contract that is vague or incomplete can lead to disputes later, so clarity is essential.

2. The Right to Fair Working Hours and Breaks

Under UAE labour regulations, the standard working hours for employees are generally eight hours per day or 48 hours per week. During Ramadan, working hours are reduced for Muslim and non-Muslim employees alike.

Other important protections include:

• At least one weekly rest day
• A break after five consecutive hours of work
• Overtime pay when working beyond normal hours
• Compensation for working on public holidays

Employees should not be forced to work excessive hours without proper compensation or rest periods.

3. The Right to Paid Annual Leave

Annual leave is a fundamental entitlement for all employees who complete at least one year of service. Entitlements typically include:

• 30 calendar days of annual leave after one year
• Two days per month for employees who have worked between six months and a year
• Full salary during annual leave
• Payment for unused leave when employment ends

Employees also retain their right to public holidays in addition to annual leave.

4. The Right to Sick Leave

Employees who fall ill are entitled to paid sick leave for up to 90 days per year, provided they notify their employer and submit proper medical documentation.

The breakdown is as follows:

• First 15 days: fully paid
• Next 30 days: half pay
• Remaining 45 days: unpaid

This system ensures that employees are not left vulnerable during medical emergencies or long-term health issues.

5. The Right to Maternity and Parental Leave

Female employees benefit from comprehensive maternity leave rights, which include:

• 60 days of maternity leave (45 paid + 15 half-paid)
• Additional unpaid leave if medically necessary
• Rights to nursing breaks upon returning to work

Male employees are also entitled to parental leave, enabling them to support their families during early parenthood.

These provisions reflect the UAE’s commitment to supporting working families and promoting workplace equality.

6. The Right to End-of-Service Benefits

Employees who complete at least one year of continuous service are entitled to end-of-service gratuity. This is calculated based on basic salary and years of service.

Typical calculations include:

• 21 days of basic salary for each of the first five years
• 30 days of basic salary for each additional year

Gratuity must be paid promptly upon termination or resignation. This benefit helps employees transition financially when employment ends.

7. The Right to Safe and Respectful Working Conditions

Employers must provide a safe, healthy, and respectful workplace. Employees have the right to:

• Proper safety equipment and training
• Protection from workplace harassment or bullying
• A work environment free from discrimination
• Access to emergency procedures

If a workplace condition threatens health or safety, employees have the right to report concerns to MOHRE.

8. The Right to Timely and Full Salary Payments

Employees must receive their salary on time, typically through the Wages Protection System (WPS). Employers cannot delay, withhold, or reduce salary without a legal reason.

This includes:

• Basic salary
• Allowances
• Overtime dues
• Commissions owed

Failure to pay wages can lead to legal action, fines, and penalties for employers.

9. The Right to Protection From Arbitrary Dismissal

Employees are protected from unfair or retaliatory termination. A dismissal may be considered arbitrary when:

• No valid reason exists
• The employer acts in bad faith
• The employee is dismissed for filing a labour complaint
• The termination violates contractual or legal obligations

If proven, employees may be entitled to compensation. In many cases, individuals seek external assistance from professionals such as Lawyers in Dubai to assess their rights.

10. The Right to Resign and Serve a Notice Period

Employees have the right to resign, provided they follow the notice period outlined in their contract—typically ranging from 30 to 90 days.

Key points include:

• Notice periods must be respected by both parties
• Employers cannot refuse a resignation
• Failure to serve notice can result in deductions or penalties

This system ensures fairness and prevents abrupt disruption to business operations or employment continuity.

11. The Right to Obtain Experience Certificates

When employment ends, employees are entitled to receive an experience certificate stating:

• Job title
• Duration of employment
• Description of work performed

The employer must provide this certificate without delay and without charging any fees.

12. The Right to Respect for Personal Documents

The UAE Labour Law strictly prohibits employers from holding an employee’s passport. Employees also have the right to retain personal documents such as:

• Emirates ID
• Academic certificates
• Medical records

Employers may request copies for record-keeping but cannot confiscate originals.

13. The Right to File Complaints and Seek Legal Resolution

If an employee feels their rights have been violated, they may file a complaint with MOHRE. The ministry first attempts to resolve the dispute amicably. If no agreement is reached, the case may proceed to court.

Employees can seek help for:

• Unpaid wages
• Contract violations
• Unsafe work conditions
• Harassment or discrimination
• Wrongful termination
• Gratuity or leave disputes

Many employees seek external guidance from experienced professionals, including Lawyers in Dubai, especially when disputes escalate or evidence needs careful presentation.

14. The Right to Equal Treatment

UAE labour regulations prohibit discrimination based on:

• Gender
• Race
• Religion
• Ethnicity
• Disability

Equal pay for equal work is also a protected right. Both private and public sector employees benefit from these anti-discrimination provisions.

15. The Right to Privacy

Employers must respect the personal privacy of their employees. Monitoring systems, security checks, and data collection must follow legal guidelines. Employees also have the right to confidentiality regarding personal information, medical records, and performance evaluations.

Final Thoughts

The UAE Labour Law provides strong protection for employees working in Dubai, ensuring fair treatment, transparent processes, and clear mechanisms for resolving disputes. By understanding their rights, employees can approach their workplace relationships with confidence and clarity. These protections also encourage ethical and responsible business practices, contributing to Dubai’s reputation as a dynamic and well-regulated employment market.